HEFA-SAF Cost Parity vs Fossil Jet: Viability Region Under Feedstock and Credit Constraints

Framework Application: DG-PFF
Jamie R. Gomez, Ph.D. March 01, 2026 14 min read
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A DG-PFF assessment of feedstock-driven cost floors and parity fragility

Under current feedstock and credit conditions, when does HEFA-SAF undercut fossil jet at the offtake gate?

Problem statement: This note applies DG-PFF to define the HEFA feasibility boundary under realistic cost, carbon-intensity, and credit assumptions. It answers whether any viable parity region exists before project teams proceed to operational survivability testing.

DG-PFF Application Marker

  • Parity condition: MSP_HEFA <= delivered fossil benchmark.
  • Viability region: Mapped explicitly in Figure 2 as the region below the parity boundary.
  • Fragility quantified: Figure 4 reports the fragility slope d(MSP)/d(feedstock).
  • Collapse threshold: Parity is invalid above feedstock ~$931/tonne (base credit), CI > ~37.4 gCO2e/MJ, or effective credit < ~$1.35/gal.
  • Parity persistence rule: Parity without persistence is not viability.

Product A: Decision Brief (3-Minute Screen)

Decision Summary

DG-PFF Execution Trace

  1. Parity condition defined against delivered fossil benchmark.
  2. Viability region mapped using the Figure 2 parity boundary.
  3. Fragility quantified using the Figure 4 marginal parity penalty.
  4. Collapse thresholds identified for feedstock, CI, and effective credit.
  5. Go/No-Go decision handling produced in the decision summary outputs.

Decision question

At what production cost, carbon-intensity, and credit-realization combinations does HEFA-SAF beat fossil jet at the offtake gate?

Decision owner and deadline

  • Decision owner: Investor / strategy lead / policy analyst
  • Decision deadline: Prior to feedstock contracting, JV economics lock, or scale-up capital commitment.

Applicability

This note applies a structural feasibility screen for HEFA-SAF parity against fossil jet. It is designed for pre-FID and portfolio screening where go/no-go boundaries are required.

Analytical lens (DG-PFF)

  • Parity condition: HEFA MSP <= fossil jet price on a delivered basis.
  • Fragility condition: MSP sensitivity to lipid price ($/tonne), effective credit value ($/gal), and CI-linked credit compression.
  • Framework principle: Parity alone is insufficient; viability requires persistence of parity under perturbation.

Confidence / robustness tag

Confidence: Medium (benchmark-anchored deterministic sweep; dispatch, contracting, and full LCA coupling not yet integrated), benchmark run dated March 20, 2026.

Primary outputs (non-negotiable)

  1. Benchmark framing figure
  2. Primary parity map
  3. MSP response curve with parity threshold
  4. Fragility penalty figure
  5. Decision summary figure

Figure 1 - Benchmark Framing

Levelized offtake cost breakdown comparing HEFA-SAF against fossil jet benchmark

Figure 1: Base-case benchmark framing. HEFA-SAF cost stack is compared against fossil jet benchmark, with credit offset shown explicitly as a negative segment.

Decision statement

  • In the base case, HEFA parity is tight versus fossil jet and structurally exposed to feedstock escalation despite modeled credit support.

Figure 2 - Primary Parity Map

Parity map of feedstock price versus effective credit support with parity boundary

Figure 2: Primary parity map. The zero-gap contour marks the viability boundary. Regions below the boundary achieve parity with fossil jet, while regions above do not.

Decision statement

  • The parity boundary defines a narrow viability region: at modeled base credit support, parity requires feedstock <= ~$931/tonne; above this collapse threshold, the viable region is invalid.

Figure 3 - MSP Response with Parity Threshold

HEFA MSP response to feedstock price under different credit scenarios with parity threshold line

Figure 3: MSP response curves under no-credit, moderate-credit, and modeled-credit scenarios with fossil jet parity threshold shown explicitly.

Decision statement

  • The parity boundary shifts with credit support, but parity persistence remains narrow; moderate feedstock escalation invalidates the viability region across constrained-credit cases.

Figure 4 - Fragility Penalty from Feedstock Escalation

Marginal parity penalty and parity gap response as feedstock price increases

Figure 4: This figure quantifies the rate at which economic parity deteriorates as feedstock prices rise, providing a direct fragility measure rather than a simple threshold condition.

Decision statement

  • d(MSP)/d(feedstock) ~= 0.00206 $/gal per $/tonne (equivalently +$0.206/gal per +$100/tonne), indicating persistent structural fragility.

Figure 5 - Decision Summary Figure

Decision summary chart showing maximum feedstock price compatible with parity under multiple credit scenarios

Figure 5: Decision summary of required conditions. Maximum feedstock prices compatible with parity are shown by credit scenario for board-level Go/No-Go screening.

Decision statement

  • Under moderate and low credit support, parity is either highly constrained or impossible at realistic feedstock prices.

Structural Claim

HEFA-SAF parity is structurally constrained under current feedstock distributions: the viability region exists only in a narrow slice of low lipid pricing with sustained credit support, and collapses under moderate feedstock escalation.

Constraint Statement (DG-PFF)

Under realistic lipid-price conditions, HEFA-SAF parity is not broadly achievable; parity persistence requires sustained low feedstock pricing and credit realization above collapse thresholds.


Product B: Technical Note (Audit Trail)

1. Decision Context

This note is the HEFA feasibility boundary layer (Product A: Parity). It identifies whether parity is structurally possible under benchmark-consistent steady-state assumptions before operational survivability stress is applied. Operational degradation variables (dispatch volatility, outage behavior, and runtime instability) are intentionally excluded from this note and should be evaluated in a companion fragility note. This analysis applies the DG-PFF (Parity and Fragility Framework) to evaluate whether HEFA-SAF achieves cost parity under real feedstock and policy conditions.

2. Analytical Lens (DG-PFF)

  • Parity condition: MSP_HEFA <= fossil jet delivered benchmark.
  • Fragility condition: parity persistence under lipid-price, credit-value, and CI perturbations.
  • Decision principle: Parity alone is insufficient; viability requires persistence of parity under perturbation.

3. Parity Claim

The parity claim tested is that HEFA-SAF can undercut fossil jet at the offtake gate under current feedstock and credit conditions.

4. Parity Metric

Parity is defined at the boundary where net delivered HEFA-SAF cost equals delivered fossil jet benchmark cost under stated CI and credit assumptions.

5. Fragility Metric

Fragility in this parity-layer note is reported as structural collapse thresholds, not operational degradation dynamics. Parity collapses when any of the following conditions are breached: feedstock > ~$931/tonne, CI > ~37.4 gCO2e/MJ, or effective credit < ~$1.35/gal. These collapse conditions explicitly invalidate the parity-defined viable region even when other assumptions remain favorable.

5A. Parity-Fragility Relationship

Product A defines the structural parity region under steady-state assumptions; Product B must test that region under realistic operating and market constraints and explicitly invalidate portions that fail collapse criteria. In this note, the structural invalidation boundaries are feedstock > ~$931/tonne, CI > ~37.4 gCO2e/MJ, and effective credit < ~$1.35/gal.

6. Methods and Traceability

  • Fossil jet benchmark basis: $2.85/gal reference benchmark used in the parity equation (assets/data/notes/hefa-cost-parity-vs-fossil-jet/hefa_parity_inputs.json).
  • Feedstock benchmark basis: Base feedstock assumption $900/tonne with solved parity threshold of ~$930.8/tonne.
  • Hydrogen and utility assumptions: Hydrogen ~$0.65/gal, utilities ~$0.256/gal, catalyst ~$0.12/gal, fixed OPEX ~$0.416/gal, annualized CAPEX ~$0.903/gal.
  • Credit stack basis and scenario logic: Max credit modeled at $1.80/gal with CI-linked linear compression from 20 to 89 gCO2e/MJ; decision scenarios include no-credit, moderate-credit ($0.90/gal), modeled base credit (~$1.41/gal), and upper credit case.
  • Scenario grid specification: Feedstock sweep $350-$1,500/tonne and effective credit sweep $0.00-$2.00/gal exported to assets/data/notes/hefa-cost-parity-vs-fossil-jet/parity_surface_grid.csv.

7. Publication Completion Checklist

  • Figure 1 benchmark framing complete and annotated
  • Figure 2 primary parity map complete with viability boundary language
  • Figure 3 MSP response complete with parity-threshold crossings
  • Figure 4 fragility-penalty metric complete with labeled slope
  • Figure 5 decision summary complete with threshold windows by credit scenario
  • Structural claim tied to viability-region collapse
  • Decision summary updated with final thresholds and confidence tag
  • Explicit parity-fragility relationship statement included (Section 5A)
  • Feedstock fragility slope disclosed as a decision output

This analysis applies the DG-PFF Parity Fragility Framework. This analysis extends DG-PFF beyond hydrogen systems, demonstrating applicability to SAF pathways under feedstock-driven cost uncertainty.

Learn more -> Companion fragility-first note ->